(H)
Dagenham & Redbridge
Jeff Hawker
Crewe Alexandra FC
Carl Oakes
League Round 17
S T A R T I N G L I N E U P S
DAGENHAM & REDBRIDGE CREWE ALEXANDRA FC
Ps Player Name SL FIT LVL Ps Player Name SL FIT LVL
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Gk Amir Hamdi 10 2 12 Gk Per Holmdahl 14 2 16
Sw Jun-Seo Min 15 2 17 Sw Tommy McGree 12 2 14
Df Papis Sall 13 2 15 Df Edwin O'Doherty 14 2 16
Df Sebastien Barbet 9 -2 7 Df Michaël Van der Heyden 13 2 15
Mf Rónald Zeledon 13 2 15 Df Cedric Jeandel 13 2 15
Mf Lyn Rogers 10 2 12 Mf Mario Pletikosa 14 0 14
Fw Kwame Karikari 15 -1 14 Mf Patrice Djemba 13 2 15
Fw Haris Streller 13 1 14 Mf Óscar Cota 9 2 11
Fw Clement Kenne 15 0 15 Fw Zvonimir Bradaric 14 2 16
Fw David Dziekanowski 12 2 14 Fw Slava Levchenko 13 2 15
Fw José Borges 10 2 12 Fw Joel Zamora 15 2 17
Gk Sw Df Mf Fw A R E A T O T A L S Gk Sw Df Mf Fw
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
12 17 22 27 69 ROSTER TOTALS 16 14 46 40 48
0 0 0 0 0 HARDNESS 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 9 0 0 HOME ADVANTAGE 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 9 GREAT PERFORMANCE POINTS 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 PLAY FOR DRAW 0 0 0 0 0
=======================================================================
12 17 32 27 78 T O T A L S 16 14 46 40 48
============================================================================
============================================================================
B O O K I N G S
Each player is next given a chance for a yellow/red card. The first
number listed is the chance for the player to get the yellow/red
card while the second number shows the random number drawn. If the
random number is less than or equal to the player's yellow/red card
chance then the player is sent off. Note that the chances are as follows:
- Booking: 1.5 x (3 + (1.5 x Team_Hardness))
- Red Card: 0.25 x (3 + (1.5 x Team_Hardness)))
If a player is booked we immediately draw a second number to check
for a 'second yellow' (red card chance) resulting in a sending off.
If a player is not booked we draw a red card chance to see if the player
was given a straight red card. Note that the aforementioned formula
differs for a Gk where the formula uses the hardness points added to
your Gk area and NOT the team hardness points.
******* DAGENHAM & REDBRIDGE YELLOW/RED CARD CHANCES *******
- Team Hardness = 0
- Gk Hardness = 0
Gk Amir Hamdi: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 24.86 (no booking)
Chance of straight red card = 0.75% | Random number = 14.1 (no red card)
Sw Jun-Seo Min: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 38.59 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 37.9 (no red card)
Df Papis Sall: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 94.09 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 9.83 (no red card)
Df Sebastien Barbet: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 12.25 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 20.63 (no red card)
Mf Rónald Zeledon: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 13.92 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 59.81 (no red card)
Mf Lyn Rogers: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 10.62 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 23.2 (no red card)
Fw Kwame Karikari: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 35.1 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 22.25 (no red card)
Fw Haris Streller: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 22.53 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 87.51 (no red card)
Fw Clement Kenne: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 11.99 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 78.52 (no red card)
Fw David Dziekanowski: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 55.54 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 49.1 (no red card)
Fw José Borges: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 11.61 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 31.78 (no red card)
******* CREWE ALEXANDRA FC YELLOW/RED CARD CHANCES *******
- Team Hardness = 0
- Gk Hardness = 0
Gk Per Holmdahl: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 10.59 (no booking)
Chance of straight red card = 0.75% | Random number = 53.67 (no red card)
Sw Tommy McGree: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 67.16 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 69.05 (no red card)
Df Edwin O'Doherty: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 84.98 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 43.77 (no red card)
Df Michaël Van der Heyden: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 90.14 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 6.37 (no red card)
Df Cedric Jeandel: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 53.76 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 86.41 (no red card)
Mf Mario Pletikosa: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 43.75 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 59.2 (no red card)
Mf Patrice Djemba: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 85.83 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 73.48 (no red card)
Mf Óscar Cota: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 4.39 (BOOKED!)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 8.07 (no second yellow)
Fw Zvonimir Bradaric: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 6.76 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 41.52 (no red card)
Fw Slava Levchenko: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 22.71 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 86.4 (no red card)
Fw Joel Zamora: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 55.19 (no booking)
Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 25.31 (no red card)
============================================================================
============================================================================
I N J U R I E S
A major consequence of hardness is that your opponents get injured.
For each player the chance of injury is:
((your team’s hardness * .25) + (opponent’s hardness * .75) + 2.5)%.
For example if your team has a hardness of 8 and the opposition has a hardness of 4,
the chance of injury for each player would be: 2 + 3 + 2.5 or 7.5%.
The chance is halved for the opposition Gk. A player plays at half
his normal level (skill plus fitness) in the match in which he is injured.
Injured players lose fitness as a result, the amount of fitness lost being
shown on the game report in brackets. There is a 30% chance of no fitness loss,
15% chance of 1 level fitness lost, 15% of 2 levels, and a 10% chance
of each of 3,4,5, or 6 fitness levels being lost.
This fitness loss (if any) takes place at the end of the session, for
reasons of simplicity. Should a player be injured twice or
more in a session, only the most severe injury will apply.
******* DAGENHAM & REDBRIDGE CHANCES FOR INJURY *******
- Dagenham & Redbridge Team Hardness = 0
- Crewe Alexandra FC Team Hardness = 0
- All (except Gk) chance of injury = 2.5%
- Gk chance of injury = 1.25%
Gk Amir Hamdi: Chance of injury = 1.25% | Random number = 25.18 (no injury)
Sw Jun-Seo Min: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 21.84 (no injury)
Df Papis Sall: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 60.25 (no injury)
Df Sebastien Barbet: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 93.28 (no injury)
Mf Rónald Zeledon: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 93.9 (no injury)
Mf Lyn Rogers: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 12.49 (no injury)
Fw Kwame Karikari: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 36.22 (no injury)
Fw Haris Streller: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 84.59 (no injury)
Fw Clement Kenne: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 43.09 (no injury)
Fw David Dziekanowski: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 33.08 (no injury)
Fw José Borges: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 35.67 (no injury)
******* CREWE ALEXANDRA FC CHANCES FOR INJURY *******
- Crewe Alexandra FC Team Hardness = 0
- Dagenham & Redbridge Team Hardness = 0
- All (except Gk) chance of injury = 2.5%
- Gk chance of injury = 1.25%
Gk Per Holmdahl: Chance of injury = 1.25% | Random number = 90.58 (no injury)
Sw Tommy McGree: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 20.49 (no injury)
Df Edwin O'Doherty: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 94.74 (no injury)
Df Michaël Van der Heyden: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 54.82 (no injury)
Df Cedric Jeandel: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 15.73 (no injury)
Mf Mario Pletikosa: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 20.09 (no injury)
Mf Patrice Djemba: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 55.87 (no injury)
Mf Óscar Cota: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 29.32 (no injury)
Fw Zvonimir Bradaric: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 57.52 (no injury)
Fw Slava Levchenko: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 55.54 (no injury)
Fw Joel Zamora: Chance of injury = 2.5% | Random number = 32.44 (no injury)
============================================================================
============================================================================
P E N A L T Y K I C K S
There is a 10% chance of conceding a penalty for every hardness point used.
Each 10% chance is separate, so a team could concede as many penalties as it plays
hardness points. If no hardness is used, there is still a 5% penalty chance.
The chance of a penalty being scored is:
50 + (4 x penalty takers skill) - (2 x Gk skill) % (to a maximum 95%)
******* CREWE ALEXANDRA FC CHANCES OF ALLOWING PENALTY KICKS *******
- Team Hardness: 0; (1 5% chance of yielding a PK)
- PK Taker: Kwame Karikari SL 15
- Defending Gk: Per Holmdahl SL 14
intRndPk = 10
1: Chance of PK occurring = 5% | Random number = 10 (no penalty kick)
******* DAGENHAM & REDBRIDGE CHANCES OF ALLOWING PENALTY KICKS *******
- Team Hardness: 0; (1 5% chance of yielding a PK)
- PK Taker: Joel Zamora SL 15
- Defending Gk: Amir Hamdi SL 10
intRndPk = 33
1: Chance of PK occurring = 5% | Random number = 33 (no penalty kick)
============================================================================
============================================================================
A T T A C K I N G C H A N C E S & S H O T S
(i) If team A's Fw area total is greater than team B's Df area total,
then A earns a number of attacks equal to the difference.
Note: A Sw does NOT add his levels to the Df in this league!
(ii) The team with the highest Mf area total gets attacks equal to half
the difference.
(iii) If team A's Df area total is greater than team B's Fw total, then
team A earns a number of attacks equal to one fifth of the difference.
If team A is playing a sweeper behind the defence, this rises to one
third of the difference. All fractions of attacks are rounded up,
and then each of the attacks is treated as follows to see how many
produce shots, then goals:
(iv) Attacks have first to beat the Sw (if playing!). For each attack,
there is a percentage chance of it being stopped equal to:
30 + (Sw level x 2) %
(eg a level 10 Sw stops 30+10x2=50% of attacks.) Attacks passing the
Sw become shots.
(v) Each shot has a 35% chance of being off-target. If a side has scored
2 goals this rises to 40%, then by a further 5% after each goal scored,
to a maximum of 75%. This is to curb ridiculous scorelines (with luck!)
(vi) Finally, on-target shots come up against the Gk. This is similar to
the Sw test, but the percentage is:
40 + (Gk level x 2.25) %
Notes: If the defense is playing offside trap then the offensive team has
their Fw attacks cut in half and theor Mf attacks doubled.
A team choosing to PFD has 7 extra levels to split between Sw,
Df and Mf areas, but their attacks for each area will be halved
(round up fractions).
******* DAGENHAM & REDBRIDGE ATTACKING CHANCES AND SHOTS *******
AREA TOTALS GK Sw Df Mf Fw
-------------------------------------------
Dagenham & Redbridge 12 17 32 27 78
Crewe Alexandra FC 16 14 46 40 48
Dagenham & Redbridge Fw Attacks = 32 (78 - 46); result rounded up
Dagenham & Redbridge Mf Attacks = 0 ((27 - 40) / 2; rounded up)
Dagenham & Redbridge Df Attacks = 0 ((32 - 48) / 3; rounded up)
Dagenham & Redbridge Total Attacks = 32
1: Attack for Fw Haris Streller
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 49 (Sw stopped attack)
2: Attack for Fw Haris Streller
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 28 (Sw stopped attack)
3: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 92 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 13 (Shot Off Target)
4: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 62 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 6 (Shot Off Target)
5: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 5 (Sw stopped attack)
6: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 50 (Sw stopped attack)
7: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 33 (Sw stopped attack)
8: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 96 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 63 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 96.06 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!)
9: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 2 (Sw stopped attack)
10: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 19 (Sw stopped attack)
11: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 78 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 67 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 41.41 (Shot Saved by Gk)
12: Attack for Fw Haris Streller
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 57 (Sw stopped attack)
13: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 60 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 44 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 32.05 (Shot Saved by Gk)
14: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 74 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 98 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 42.78 (Shot Saved by Gk)
15: Attack for Fw Haris Streller
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 97 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 43 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 64.93 (Shot Saved by Gk)
16: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 64 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 98 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 2.91 (Shot Saved by Gk)
17: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 60 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 46 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 26.46 (Shot Saved by Gk)
18: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 37 (Sw stopped attack)
19: Attack for Fw Haris Streller
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 61 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 38 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 94.57 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!)
20: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 92 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 11 (Shot Off Target)
21: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 42 (Sw stopped attack)
22: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 63 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 18 (Shot Off Target)
23: Attack for Fw José Borges
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 56 (Sw stopped attack)
24: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 50 (Sw stopped attack)
25: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 58 (Sw stopped attack)
26: Attack for Fw David Dziekanowski
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 4 (Sw stopped attack)
27: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 97 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 55 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 48.58 (Shot Saved by Gk)
28: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 70 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 67 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 71.99 (Shot Saved by Gk)
29: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 78 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 47 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 95.67 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!)
30: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 31 (Sw stopped attack)
31: Attack for Fw Kwame Karikari
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 25 (Sw stopped attack)
32: Attack for Fw Clement Kenne
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 58% | Random number = 89 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 83 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 10.66 (Shot Saved by Gk)
******* CREWE ALEXANDRA FC ATTACKING CHANCES AND SHOTS *******
AREA TOTALS GK Sw Df Mf Fw
-------------------------------------------
Crewe Alexandra FC 16 14 46 40 48
Dagenham & Redbridge 12 17 32 27 78
Crewe Alexandra FC Fw Attacks = 16 (48 - 32); result rounded up
Crewe Alexandra FC Mf Attacks = 7 ((40 - 27) / 2) ; result rounded up
Crewe Alexandra FC Df Attacks = 0 ((46 - 78) / 3; rounded up)
Crewe Alexandra FC Total Attacks = 23
1: Attack for Mf Patrice Djemba
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 39 (Sw stopped attack)
2: Attack for Mf Óscar Cota
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 90 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 61 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 67.0% | Random number = 79.17 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!)
3: Attack for Mf Patrice Djemba
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 48 (Sw stopped attack)
4: Attack for Mf Mario Pletikosa
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 38 (Sw stopped attack)
5: Attack for Mf Patrice Djemba
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 10 (Sw stopped attack)
6: Attack for Mf Patrice Djemba
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 13 (Sw stopped attack)
7: Attack for Mf Patrice Djemba
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 51 (Sw stopped attack)
8: Attack for Fw Zvonimir Bradaric
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 43 (Sw stopped attack)
9: Attack for Fw Joel Zamora
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 63 (Sw stopped attack)
10: Attack for Fw Slava Levchenko
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 62 (Sw stopped attack)
11: Attack for Fw Slava Levchenko
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 30 (Sw stopped attack)
12: Attack for Fw Joel Zamora
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 82 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 63 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 67.0% | Random number = 96.47 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!)
13: Attack for Fw Slava Levchenko
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 93 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 1 (Shot Off Target)
14: Attack for Fw Zvonimir Bradaric
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 96 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 34 (Shot Off Target)
15: Attack for Fw Joel Zamora
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 58 (Sw stopped attack)
16: Attack for Fw Slava Levchenko
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 72 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 15 (Shot Off Target)
17: Attack for Fw Slava Levchenko
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 56 (Sw stopped attack)
18: Attack for Fw Zvonimir Bradaric
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 37 (Sw stopped attack)
19: Attack for Fw Slava Levchenko
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 2 (Sw stopped attack)
20: Attack for Fw Joel Zamora
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 20 (Sw stopped attack)
21: Attack for Fw Zvonimir Bradaric
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 21 (Sw stopped attack)
22: Attack for Fw Zvonimir Bradaric
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 91 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 41 (Shot On Target)
Chance of Gk Save = 67.0% | Random number = 27.65 (Shot Saved by Gk)
23: Attack for Fw Joel Zamora
Chance of Sw stopping attack = 64% | Random number = 90 (Sw did not stop attack!!)
Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 35 (Shot Off Target)
===============================================
F I N A L S C O R E
DAGENHAM & REDBRIDGE 3 - CREWE ALEXANDRA FC 2
Match Notes
Don’t want to say we can’t afford to lose this one because now it’s a must win 🥴
Carl (Crewe Alexandra FC) 07/20 - 10:29 AM
Ouch
Carl (Crewe Alexandra FC) 07/28 - 7:34 AM