(H)
Clevedon Town FC
Bryce Kalmbach
Bedford Town FC
Simon Compton
League Round 17
S T A R T I N G L I N E U P S CLEVEDON TOWN FC BEDFORD TOWN FC Ps Player Name SL FIT LVL Ps Player Name SL FIT LVL ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Gk Christopher Clyne 15 2 17 Gk Jake Flynn 14 2 16 Sw Nathan Khan 16 2 18 Sw Sean Buckley 16 2 18 Df Guillaume Chauvin 14 2 16 Df Theo Crowley 13 2 15 Df Calum Morrison 14 2 16 Df Francisco Vera 9 2 11 Df Billy Smith 11 2 13 Mf Marco Rizzo 15 1 16 Mf Ethan Duckworth 14 1 15 Mf Jeff Shilton 9 2 11 Mf Jake Brooks 11 2 13 Fw Carlton Lloyd 16 2 18 Fw Jamie Hunt 15 2 17 Fw Sean Sturridge 15 2 17 Fw Juan Martin 14 1 15 Fw Jed Monkhouse 13 2 15 Fw Joshua Gordon 15 1 16 Fw Gonzalo Soler 9 2 11 Fw Charles Hopkins 11 2 13 Fw Corey Page 9 2 11 Gk Sw Df Mf Fw A R E A T O T A L S Gk Sw Df Mf Fw ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 17 18 45 28 61 ROSTER TOTALS 16 18 26 27 72 0 0 0 0 0 HARDNESS 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 6 HOME ADVANTAGE 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 3 GREAT PERFORMANCE POINTS 0 0 2 1 7 0 0 0 0 0 PLAY FOR DRAW 0 0 0 0 0 ======================================================================= 17 18 54 28 70 T O T A L S 16 18 28 28 81 ============================================================================ ============================================================================ B O O K I N G S Each player is next given a chance for a yellow/red card. The first number listed is the chance for the player to get the yellow/red card while the second number shows the random number drawn. If the random number is less than or equal to the player's yellow/red card chance then the player is sent off. Note that the chances are as follows: - Booking: 1.5 x (3 + (1.5 x Team_Hardness)) - Red Card: 0.25 x (3 + (1.5 x Team_Hardness))) If a player is booked we immediately draw a second number to check for a 'second yellow' (red card chance) resulting in a sending off. If a player is not booked we draw a red card chance to see if the player was given a straight red card. Note that the aforementioned formula differs for a Gk where the formula uses the hardness points added to your Gk area and NOT the team hardness points. ******* CLEVEDON TOWN FC YELLOW/RED CARD CHANCES ******* - Team Hardness = 0 - Gk Hardness = 0 Gk Christopher Clyne: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 29.76 (no booking) Chance of straight red card = 0.75% | Random number = 4.29 (no red card) Sw Nathan Khan: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 86.03 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 69.01 (no red card) Df Guillaume Chauvin: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 57.21 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 59.97 (no red card) Df Calum Morrison: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 0.93 (BOOKED!) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 93.38 (no second yellow) Df Billy Smith: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 25.15 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 20.18 (no red card) Mf Ethan Duckworth: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 88.86 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 25.07 (no red card) Mf Jake Brooks: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 7.54 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 94.45 (no red card) Fw Jamie Hunt: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 19.41 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 88.67 (no red card) Fw Juan Martin: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 33.06 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 18.4 (no red card) Fw Joshua Gordon: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 41.94 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 76.29 (no red card) Fw Charles Hopkins: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 42.75 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 0.75% | Random number = 78.08 (no red card) ******* BEDFORD TOWN FC YELLOW/RED CARD CHANCES ******* - Team Hardness = 2 - Gk Hardness = 0 Gk Jake Flynn: Chance of booking = 4.5% | Random number = 80.32 (no booking) Chance of straight red card = 0.75% | Random number = 49.92 (no red card) Sw Sean Buckley: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 24.53 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 6.45 (no red card) Df Theo Crowley: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 55.37 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 75.1 (no red card) Df Francisco Vera: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 18.62 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 25.83 (no red card) Mf Marco Rizzo: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 68.21 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 47.95 (no red card) Mf Jeff Shilton: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 66.05 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 9.79 (no red card) Fw Carlton Lloyd: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 15.05 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 3.68 (no red card) Fw Sean Sturridge: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 99.06 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 49.95 (no red card) Fw Jed Monkhouse: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 53.84 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 39.98 (no red card) Fw Gonzalo Soler: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 89.32 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 61.72 (no red card) Fw Corey Page: Chance of booking = 7.5% | Random number = 50.97 (no booking) Chance of second booking = 1.25% | Random number = 99.76 (no red card) ============================================================================ ============================================================================ I N J U R I E S A major consequence of hardness is that your opponents get injured. For each player the chance of injury is: ((your team’s hardness * .25) + (opponent’s hardness * .75) + 2.5)%. For example if your team has a hardness of 8 and the opposition has a hardness of 4, the chance of injury for each player would be: 2 + 3 + 2.5 or 7.5%. The chance is halved for the opposition Gk. A player plays at half his normal level (skill plus fitness) in the match in which he is injured. Injured players lose fitness as a result, the amount of fitness lost being shown on the game report in brackets. There is a 30% chance of no fitness loss, 15% chance of 1 level fitness lost, 15% of 2 levels, and a 10% chance of each of 3,4,5, or 6 fitness levels being lost. This fitness loss (if any) takes place at the end of the session, for reasons of simplicity. Should a player be injured twice or more in a session, only the most severe injury will apply. ******* CLEVEDON TOWN FC CHANCES FOR INJURY ******* - Clevedon Town FC Team Hardness = 0 - Bedford Town FC Team Hardness = 2 - All (except Gk) chance of injury = 4.0% - Gk chance of injury = 2.0% Gk Christopher Clyne: Chance of injury = 2.0% | Random number = 31.05 (no injury) Sw Nathan Khan: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 60.04 (no injury) Df Guillaume Chauvin: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 19.11 (no injury) Df Calum Morrison: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 17.86 (no injury) Df Billy Smith: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 62.84 (no injury) Mf Ethan Duckworth: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 30.4 (no injury) Mf Jake Brooks: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 63.49 (no injury) Fw Jamie Hunt: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 95.35 (no injury) Fw Juan Martin: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 14.97 (no injury) Fw Joshua Gordon: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 66.52 (no injury) Fw Charles Hopkins: Chance of injury = 4.0% | Random number = 1.82 (INJURED!) Targeted fitness lost = 5 Charles Hopkins is being assisted by the Physio. He will lose 4 fitness points (deducted at end of session) Charles Hopkins new match skill level = 6 Charles Hopkins new match total level = 8 ******* BEDFORD TOWN FC CHANCES FOR INJURY ******* - Bedford Town FC Team Hardness = 2 - Clevedon Town FC Team Hardness = 0 - All (except Gk) chance of injury = 3.0% - Gk chance of injury = 1.5% Gk Jake Flynn: Chance of injury = 1.5% | Random number = 17.69 (no injury) Sw Sean Buckley: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 8.8 (no injury) Df Theo Crowley: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 21.81 (no injury) Df Francisco Vera: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 92.7 (no injury) Mf Marco Rizzo: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 94.44 (no injury) Mf Jeff Shilton: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 65.09 (no injury) Fw Carlton Lloyd: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 24.36 (no injury) Fw Sean Sturridge: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 29.3 (no injury) Fw Jed Monkhouse: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 82.38 (no injury) Fw Gonzalo Soler: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 25.15 (no injury) Fw Corey Page: Chance of injury = 3.0% | Random number = 0.46 (INJURED!) Targeted fitness lost = 0 Corey Page loses 0 fitness points (deducted at end of session) Corey Page new match skill level = 5 Corey Page new match total level = 7 ============================================================================ ============================================================================ P E N A L T Y K I C K S There is a 10% chance of conceding a penalty for every hardness point used. Each 10% chance is separate, so a team could concede as many penalties as it plays hardness points. If no hardness is used, there is still a 5% penalty chance. The chance of a penalty being scored is: 50 + (4 x penalty takers skill) - (2 x Gk skill) % (to a maximum 95%) ******* BEDFORD TOWN FC CHANCES OF ALLOWING PENALTY KICKS ******* - Team Hardness: 2; (2 10% chances of yielding PKs) - PK Taker: Jamie Hunt SL 15 - Defending Gk: Jake Flynn SL 14 1: Chance of PK occurring = 10% | Random number = 29 (no penalty kick) 2: Chance of PK occurring = 10% | Random number = 47 (no penalty kick) ******* CLEVEDON TOWN FC CHANCES OF ALLOWING PENALTY KICKS ******* - Team Hardness: 0; (1 5% chance of yielding a PK) - PK Taker: Carlton Lloyd SL 16 - Defending Gk: Christopher Clyne SL 15 intRndPk = 48 1: Chance of PK occurring = 5% | Random number = 48 (no penalty kick) ============================================================================ ============================================================================ A T T A C K I N G C H A N C E S & S H O T S (i) If team A's Fw area total is greater than team B's Df area total, then A earns a number of attacks equal to the difference. Note: A Sw does NOT add his levels to the Df in this league! (ii) The team with the highest Mf area total gets attacks equal to half the difference. (iii) If team A's Df area total is greater than team B's Fw total, then team A earns a number of attacks equal to one fifth of the difference. If team A is playing a sweeper behind the defence, this rises to one third of the difference. All fractions of attacks are rounded up, and then each of the attacks is treated as follows to see how many produce shots, then goals: (iv) Attacks have first to beat the Sw (if playing!). For each attack, there is a percentage chance of it being stopped equal to: 30 + (Sw level x 2) % (eg a level 10 Sw stops 30+10x2=50% of attacks.) Attacks passing the Sw become shots. (v) Each shot has a 35% chance of being off-target. If a side has scored 2 goals this rises to 40%, then by a further 5% after each goal scored, to a maximum of 75%. This is to curb ridiculous scorelines (with luck!) (vi) Finally, on-target shots come up against the Gk. This is similar to the Sw test, but the percentage is: 40 + (Gk level x 2.25) % Notes: If the defense is playing offside trap then the offensive team has their Fw attacks cut in half and theor Mf attacks doubled. A team choosing to PFD has 7 extra levels to split between Sw, Df and Mf areas, but their attacks for each area will be halved (round up fractions). ******* CLEVEDON TOWN FC ATTACKING CHANCES AND SHOTS ******* AREA TOTALS GK Sw Df Mf Fw ------------------------------------------- Clevedon Town FC 17 18 54 28 65 Bedford Town FC 16 18 28 28 77 Clevedon Town FC Fw Attacks = 37 (65 - 28); result rounded up Clevedon Town FC Mf Attacks = 0 ((28 - 28) / 2; rounded up) Clevedon Town FC Df Attacks = 0 ((54 - 77) / 3; rounded up) Clevedon Town FC Total Attacks = 37 1: Attack for Fw Charles Hopkins Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 32 (Sw stopped attack) 2: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 47 (Sw stopped attack) 3: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 30 (Sw stopped attack) 4: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 28 (Sw stopped attack) 5: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 47 (Sw stopped attack) 6: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 85 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 88 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 91.45 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!) 7: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 11 (Sw stopped attack) 8: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 41 (Sw stopped attack) 9: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 88 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 33 (Shot Off Target) 10: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 83 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 82 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 61.5 (Shot Saved by Gk) 11: Attack for Fw Charles Hopkins Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 79 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 22 (Shot Off Target) 12: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 1 (Sw stopped attack) 13: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 10 (Sw stopped attack) 14: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 95 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 7 (Shot Off Target) 15: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 4 (Sw stopped attack) 16: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 18 (Sw stopped attack) 17: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 9 (Sw stopped attack) 18: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 95 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 50 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 80.96 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!) 19: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 11 (Sw stopped attack) 20: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 73 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 2 (Shot Off Target) 21: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 85 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 30 (Shot Off Target) 22: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 90 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 40% | Random number = 78 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 80.94 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!) 23: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 30 (Sw stopped attack) 24: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 26 (Sw stopped attack) 25: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 43 (Sw stopped attack) 26: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 94 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 78 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 72.64 (Shot Saved by Gk) 27: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 87 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 73 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 73.36 (Shot Saved by Gk) 28: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 53 (Sw stopped attack) 29: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 100 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 31 (Shot Off Target) 30: Attack for Fw Jamie Hunt Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 59 (Sw stopped attack) 31: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 81 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 68 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 50.62 (Shot Saved by Gk) 32: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 55 (Sw stopped attack) 33: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 7 (Sw stopped attack) 34: Attack for Fw Joshua Gordon Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 91 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 31 (Shot Off Target) 35: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 86 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 70 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 30.28 (Shot Saved by Gk) 36: Attack for Fw Juan Martin Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 88 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 4 (Shot Off Target) 37: Attack for Fw Charles Hopkins Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 79 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 45% | Random number = 96 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 76.0% | Random number = 45.32 (Shot Saved by Gk) ******* BEDFORD TOWN FC ATTACKING CHANCES AND SHOTS ******* AREA TOTALS GK Sw Df Mf Fw ------------------------------------------- Bedford Town FC 16 18 28 28 77 Clevedon Town FC 17 18 54 28 65 Bedford Town FC Fw Attacks = 23 (77 - 54); result rounded up Bedford Town FC Mf Attacks = 0 ((28 - 28) / 2; rounded up) Bedford Town FC Df Attacks = 0 ((28 - 65) / 3; rounded up) Bedford Town FC Total Attacks = 23 1: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 33 (Sw stopped attack) 2: Attack for Fw Corey Page Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 16 (Sw stopped attack) 3: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 87 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 9 (Shot Off Target) 4: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 56 (Sw stopped attack) 5: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 18 (Sw stopped attack) 6: Attack for Fw Jed Monkhouse Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 39 (Sw stopped attack) 7: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 61 (Sw stopped attack) 8: Attack for Fw Gonzalo Soler Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 27 (Sw stopped attack) 9: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 66 (Sw stopped attack) 10: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 6 (Sw stopped attack) 11: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 2 (Sw stopped attack) 12: Attack for Fw Corey Page Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 17 (Sw stopped attack) 13: Attack for Fw Gonzalo Soler Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 12 (Sw stopped attack) 14: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 1 (Sw stopped attack) 15: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 37 (Sw stopped attack) 16: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 71 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 73 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 78.25% | Random number = 19.06 (Shot Saved by Gk) 17: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 91 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 47 (Shot On Target) Chance of Gk Save = 78.25% | Random number = 91.62 (GOOOOOAAAAALLLLL!!!!!) 18: Attack for Fw Carlton Lloyd Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 7 (Sw stopped attack) 19: Attack for Fw Sean Sturridge Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 41 (Sw stopped attack) 20: Attack for Fw Gonzalo Soler Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 49 (Sw stopped attack) 21: Attack for Fw Gonzalo Soler Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 23 (Sw stopped attack) 22: Attack for Fw Jed Monkhouse Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 100 (Sw did not stop attack!!) Chance of Shot Off Target = 35% | Random number = 16 (Shot Off Target) 23: Attack for Fw Jed Monkhouse Chance of Sw stopping attack = 66% | Random number = 41 (Sw stopped attack) =============================================== F I N A L S C O R E CLEVEDON TOWN FC 3 - BEDFORD TOWN FC 1
Match Notes
Huge Div 2 match! Winner gets inside track to the #2 promotion spot. Loser has 3 teams at 24 pts breathing down their neck and possibly overtaking them if they falter. Simon can’t afford to take this road match easy
Kevin (FC United of Manchester) 07/15 - 2:04 AM
Well, I was nervous before. Now reading Kevin's message I'm even more nervous. What kind of tributes does Olmec prefer?
Bryce (Clevedon Town FC) 07/20 - 5:29 PM
Wow well upset
Simon (Bedford Town FC) 08/31 - 10:28 PM